Publications

1986
N Garti and Aserin, A. 1986. Effect Of Hydrophobic Chain On Cmc In Ethoxylated Surfactants.. Journal Of Dispersion Science And Technology, 7, 1, Pp. 81–93. doi:10.1080/01932698608943450.
Ethoxylated oleyl alc. or esters and selected derivs. behave abnormally in aq. solns. When plotting ln (CMC) vs. the no. of ethylene oxide (EO) units of the unsatd. compds., neg. slopes are obtained, while pos. slopes are expected for the corresponding satd. surfactants. Prepn. of dihydroxy-, dichloro-, and dibromostearyl ethers or esters of ethoxylated surfactants and selected polyglycerol esters confirmed these anomalies. No common intercept is expected for such compds. at 0 EO units. An explanation based on steric hindrance of the surfactant on micelle packing is proposed. [on SciFinder(R)]
Nissim Garti and Sato, Kiyotaka. . 1986. Effects Of Surfactants On Transition Kinetics Of Stearic Acid Polymorphs.. Jaocs, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 63, 2, Pp. 236–239.
The effects of some nonionic surfactants on the kinetics of the soln.-mediated transition of stearic acid [57-11-4] of B and C polymorphs were studied. Some surfactants retard the transition of the thermodn. unstable stearic acid modification to the stable form in methanol, n-hexane and decane solns. The surfactants consisting of large hydrophilic moieties revealed a significant retardation effect. The effect also depends on the solvent; the lower the soly. of the surfactant in the solvents, the more the transition rate was decreased. The C→B transition was more affected than the B→C transition with a given surfactant. [on SciFinder(R)]
Shlomo Magdassi and Garti, Nissim. . 1986. Formation Of Water/Oil/Water Multiple Emulsions With Solid Oil Phase.. Journal Of Colloid And Interface Science, 120, 2, Pp. 537–539. doi:10.1016/0021-9797(87)90381-X.
Two multiple emulsions, one with liq. oil and one with solid oil (paraffin wax), were prepd. Diln. of the emulsion in an electrolyte soln. (0.9% (wt./wt.) NaCl) caused a decrease in droplet size within 15 min only in the emulsion which contained the liq. oil phase, while the particle sizes of the solid multiple emulsion/dispersion remained const., confirming the existence of stable rigid oil membrane. [on SciFinder(R)]
J SCHLICHTER, Garti, N, and SARIG, S. 1986. Heat Capacity Of Tristearin In The Presence Of Food Emulsifiers.. Jaocs, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 63, 6, Pp. 788–791.
The sp. heats of tristearin [555-43-1] in the presence of some food emulsifiers were detd. by differential scanning calorimetry. Solid emulsifiers show Cp curves different from those of pure tristearin, indicating that a new mixed crystal was obtained through the incorporation of the surfactant within the fat. [on SciFinder(R)]
Tal Rabiner, Garti, Nissim , and Aserin, Abraham. . 1986. Intravenous Fat Emulsions For Parenteral Nutrition.. Tenside, Surfactants, Detergents, 23, 6, Pp. 342–345.
Oil emulsions comprising 10 or 20% soybean oil, 1.2% egg or soybean phosphatides, and 2.25% glycerol in distd. H2O to 100% with pH adjusted to 7-7.5 by NaOH were optimally homogeneous when lecithin comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositols, and lysophosphatidylcholines at a ratio of 6:2:1:0.03; and when the lecithin component was well dispersed in liposome form in the aq. phase prior to emulsion prepn. This dispersion was best obtained by high pressure homogenization (microfluidization) of the emulsifier. [on SciFinder(R)]
Shlomo Magdassi and Garti, Nissim. . 1986. A Kinetic Model For Release Of Electrolytes From W/O/W Multiple Emulsions.. Journal Of Controlled Release, 3, 4, Pp. 273–277. doi:10.1016/0168-3659(86)90098-2.
The release of electrolytes from water-oil-water (W/O/W) emulsions was studied. A significant difference was obsd. in the release of NaCl and org. ion (ephedrine-HCl [50-98-6]). The rate of release decreased with the increase of the initial concn. of the electrolyte. A kinetic model which is similar to the model for release of dispersed drugs from a polymeric matrix was suitable for the release of electrolytes from multiple emulsions. [on SciFinder(R)]
N Garti. 1986. Mechanistic Considerations Of Polymorphic Transformations Of Tristearin In The Presence Of Food Emulsifiers. Journal Of The American Oil Chemists Society, 63, 4, Pp. 470.
Nissim Garti, Remon, Goubran F, and Zaidman, Beno. . 1986. Polyglycerol Esters Of Vegetable Oils. Polyglycerol Esters Of Thermal Crosslinked Vegetable Oils: Preparation And Techno-Economical Evaluation.. Tenside, Surfactants, Detergents, 23, 6, Pp. 320–324.
Unsatd. fatty acids of soybean and castor oils were isomerized to conjugated forms and thermally polymd. or crosslinked to obtain emulsifiers for oil-water emulsions. The emulsifying agents were prepd. in 3 ways. The oil was transesterified with glycerol to obtain mono/diglycerides which were heated to 290° to give crosslinked polyglycerol esters. The emulsifiers were also prepd. by treating the soybean or castor oil with polyglycerols previously prepd. The 3rd case involved crosslinking the oil by a transesterification reaction 12 h at 290° to give a dimerized oil which was then transesterified with polyglycerol. A mixt. contg. 3% of the above-prepd. crosslinked polyglycerol esters, 40% water, and 50% soybean oil was easily emulsified to form a nonviscous stable water-in-oil emulsion. [on SciFinder(R)]
N Garti and ARKAD, O. 1986. Preparation Of Cloudy Coconut Oil Emulsions Containing Dispersed Titanium Dioxide Using Atomizer.. Journal Of Dispersion Science And Technology, 7, 5, Pp. 513–523. doi:10.1080/01932698608943476.
Food Grade Rutile (TiO2) was dispersed in coconut oil with the help of hydrophobic emulsifiers such as sorbitan esters and lecithin. The dispersed mixt. was melted and blended with hydrophilic emulsifiers such as ethoxylated sorbitan esters and the preheated (60°) blend was further sprayed by atomizer into cold water (20°). The oil-in-water emulsions contained encapsulated TiO2 in the internal phase. The technique is simple and allows prepn. of stable emulsions with av. droplets size of 1-10 $μ$. [on SciFinder(R)]
O ARKAD, ARKAD, T, and Garti, N. 1986. Quantitative Determination Of Creaming In O/W Emulsions By Use Of Absorption Measurements Of Oil Soluble Dyes.. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft Und -Technologie, 19, 2, Pp. 164–166.
An easy and new method for the quant. evaluation of creaming for oil-in-water emulsions used absorption measurements of a dye dissolved in the oil phase prior to the emulsion prepn. The measurements were carried out by dissolving samples, withdrawn at different intervals from the bottom of the stored emulsions, in Me2CO, to obtain clear colored solns. The technique was suitable to predict the tendency of an emulsion to undergo creaming. The proposed method has been compared to known methods for droplet size evaluation, and a good correlation was obtained. [on SciFinder(R)]
F. Kryuchkob N. Garti and Sarig, S. . 1986. Alarm Stone-Diagnostic Kit For Prediction Of Potential Kidney Stone Formers. Israel 57569.
N Garti, SATO, K, SCHLICHTER, J, and WELLNER, E. 1986. The Dimer Association Of Stearic Acid In Solution.. Crystal Research And Technology, 21, 5, Pp. 653–656. doi:10.1002/crat.2170210518.
The dissocn. const. of stearic acid dimer was detd. in four different solvents, using a Fourier transform IR technique. The $Δ$H obtained for each solvent decrease as the solvation of stearic acid increases. The results are relevant to the crystn. process of stearic acid from soln. which may lead to different polymorphic forms depending on the different crystn. parameters. [on SciFinder(R)]
S. Perlberg R. Azouri N. Garti, S. Sarig. 1986. Pharmaceutical Composition For The Prevention And Dissolution Of Kidney Stones. Israel 79171.
N Garti, Aserin, A, and KOPILOVICH, A. 1986. Transparent Macroemulsions For Cosmetic Applications.. International Journal Of Cosmetic Science, 8, 1, Pp. 1–7. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.1986.tb00425.x.
A method for the prepn. of transparent emulsions for cosmetic applications consists of adding water and a blend of 2 emulsifiers (sorbitan fatty acid esters and their ethoxylated derivs.) to iso-Pr myristate (I) [110-27-0] followed by homogenization. The use of excessive emulsifiers decreased the emulsion stability. The best emulsion stability was obtained with 7, 9, 10, and 15% (by wt.) of emulsifier blend for 20, 30, 40 and 50% I. An ideal compn. contained 20% I and 5% emulsifier. Emulsions prepd. with water, in the absence of polyols, were stable even after 12 mo storage. The stability of the sorbitol [50-70-4] emulsion was improved by adding anionic emulsifiers such as triethanolamine oleate [2717-15-9] to the nonionic blend. Thus, combinations of triethanolamine oleate and sorbitan esters and ethoxylated sorbitan esters improved the emulsion stability. [on SciFinder(R)]
1985
N Garti and KATZ, M. 1985. Adsorption And Interfacial Tension In Emulsion.. Journal Of Dispersion Science And Technology, 6, 2, Pp. 149–158. doi:10.1080/01932698508943940.
Adsorption and redn. of interfacial tension caused by adsorption of nonionic ethoxylated nonyl phenols were studied in emulsion. A method for estg. adsorption and interfacial tension in emulsion was developed. There is no correlation between values of interfacial tension as measured in emulsified and sepd. and sepd. oil-water systems. Yet, there seems to be a significant correlation between adsorption values as measured in emulsified and sepd. oil-water systems. The values of max. adsorption of the emulsifiers as measured in the sepd. oil-water system correlate linearly with HLB values of these emulsifiers. Such correlation may indicate possible dependence of HLB values on emulsifier adsorption to the interface. [on SciFinder(R)]
S SARIG, AZOURY, R, and Garti, N. 1985. Biological Control To Diminish Dangers Of Urolithiasis. Urologia Internationalis, 40, 5, Pp. 274–276.
High concentrations of phosphate, oxalate, and calcium ions in urine may cause formation of mineral deposits, i.e., urolithiasis. This is prevented in healthy individuals by substances present in trace quantities. However, there is no recognizable difference between normals and stone formers in urinary substance content. The enzymes glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase produce glutamic acid which retards calcium oxalate crystallization. The combined transaminase activity in 70 stone former urine samples was 12.2 +/- 4.1 IU and 31.9 +/- 10.7 IU for 47 normal controls. Incubation of stone former urine with glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase improved overall inhibitory potential, raised glutamic acid levels, and decreased aspartic acid concentrations. Correlation was established between the success of therapeutic treatment and the improvement of enzyme activity. The relative content of glutamic acid is low stone former urines and high in active inhibitory fractions of urinary materials. It is suggested that part of the mechanisms of prevention of stone formation is subjected to biological control.[on SciFinder (R)]
N Garti and Aserin, A. 1985. Brominated, Chlorinated And Hydroxylated Surfactants Derived From Oleyl Chain: Preparation And Surface Properties.. Journal Of Dispersion Science And Technology, 6, 2, Pp. 175–191. doi:10.1080/01932698508943942.
Bromination, chlorination and hydroxylation of the double bond in polyethylene glycol oleates and oleyl ethers and polyglycerol oleates were carried out. The products had higher sp. gr. and therefore can be used as weighting agents. Surface properties and the ability to emulsify water and oils did not change significantly. Phys. (sp. gr., viscosity, and refractive index) and surface properties (such as redn. of surface tension of water, crit. micelle concn. (CMC), area per mol. at the liq./air interface, efficiency and effectiveness were measured and compared to the corresponding unsatd. surfactants. The incorporated dibromo, dichloro, or dihydroxy groups diminish some of the surface properties of the surfactant, e.g. higher surface tension, higher CMC value, higher area per mol., and lower efficiency and effectiveness in comparison to the related unsatd. surfactants. This study confirmed early findings suggesting that oleyl ethoxylated surfactants behaved abnormally when compared to straight chain ethoxylated alcs. or acids or polyglycerol esters and that any derivatization in the hydrophobic chain would significantly alter surface properties. [on SciFinder(R)]
S MAGDASSI, FRENKEL, M, and Garti, N. 1985. Correlation Between Nature Of Emulsifier And Multiple Emulsion Stability.. Drug Development And Industrial Pharmacy, 11, 4, Pp. 791–798. doi:10.3109/03639048509057456.
The effect of emulsifier type on the prepn. and stability of multiple emulsions was studied. The effect on the yield of prepn. and stability with regard to the hydrophile-lipophile balance of the 2nd emulsifier was different for each emulsifier. The best stabilities of the multiple emulsions were obtained when there was a similarity between the hydrophobic part of the emulsifier and the oil phase. [on SciFinder(R)]
AS KERTES, TSIMERING, L, and Garti, N. 1985. Enthalpies Of Solution In Sodium Octanoate + Water + Alcohol Mixtures.. Colloid And Polymer Science, 263, 1, Pp. 67–74. doi:10.1007/BF01411250.
The heats of soln. of Na octanoate in water, 1-propanol, and aq. mixts. of 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-hexanol and of alcs. in aq. solns. of Na octanoate at various concns. were detd. calorimetrically at 35°. Most values are exothermic and strongly dependent on the solute concn. The main energetic factor governing the process of dissoln. of the surfactant is assocd. with changes in the water structure caused by the presence of alc. That governing the process of the alc. dissoln. in surfactant solns. is due to the effect alcs. have on the crit. micelle concn. of the octanoate. There is no indication of the alc. being either solubilized in the interior of the aq. micelle, or becoming part of the micellar firm. The soly. at 35° of Na octanoate in water, 1-propanol, and their mixts. was also detd. [on SciFinder(R)]
S SARIG, HIRSCH, D, Garti, N, and GOLDWASSER, B. 1985. Epitaxial Growth Of Calcium Oxalate On Uric Acid.. In Urolithiasis Relat. Clin. Res., [Proc. Int. Symp.], 5Th, Pp. 781–784. Plenum.
The possibility that an addnl. agent might be involved in the epitaxial growth of Ca oxalate on uric acid was investigated. Evidence for a preferential occurrence of epitaxy between Ca oxalate and Na urate is provided. Uric acid seeds failed to trigger Ca oxalate pptn.; however, when glutamic acid was present, Ca oxalate deposition on uric acid seeds was obsd. The relations of the data to Ca oxalate urinary stone formation in normocalciuric-hyperuricosuric patients and to allopurinol treatment are discussed. [on SciFinder(R)]

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